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| | A position abreast of, at right angle to, the fore and aft line of the vessel. |
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| | Any fixed object that a navigator may use to find his position, such as permanent land or sea markers, buoys, radio beacons, and lighthouses. |
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| | A wire stay preventing a yacht's mast from falling forward. The backstay runs from the mast to the after end of the boat. The backstay can be adjusted by hydraulic or mechanical controls to bend the mast backwards, thus flattening the mainsail as the breeze freshens. |
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| | (Conventional) Additional weight carried low on a yacht to maximise the vessel's stability. Also see Water Ballast. |
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| | When a yacht has no sails set and no motor running it is said to be 'under bare poles'. |
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| A compartment for passengers or crew. |
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| | A retractable fin forward of the canting keel. |
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| | A yacht's keel that can be mechanically swung sideways from the centreline, thus reducing the heeling of the boat and increasing the effectiveness of the sail. |
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| | Where a yacht lies on its side after being hit by a severe wind gust or big sea. |
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| The horizontal movement of water. In many races the current plays a significant role in the progress of the fleet, with navigators playing particular attention to the strength of the current (sometimes as much as 3 to 4 knots) and its position. |
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| | A navigation method of determining position by making an estimate based on last known position, speed and currents. |
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| | A permanent covering over a compartment, hull or any part thereof. |
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| | The weight of water displaced by a floating vessel, ie. the boat's weight. A boat displaces an amount of water equal to the weight of the boat, so the boat's displacement and weight are identical. |
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| | To let a sheet out, slowly loosening a line while maintaining control. |
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| | A receding current, ie. tide passing from hight to low with the current going out to sea. |
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| | Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon. A radio device that uses radio frequencies monitored by aircraft, or satellites or both. It is mandatory equipment on racing yachts. EVEN KEEL -. |
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| | When a boat is floating on its designed waterline, it is said to be floating on an even keel. |
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| | A cushion, placed between yachts, or between a yacht and a pier, to prevent damage. |
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| | (1) The outward curve of a vessel's sides near the bow. (2) A distress signal. |
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| | A sea that comes from astern. |
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| | A large triangular headsail that gets wind free from interference from other sails. The genoa extends abaft the mast and often extends down to the deck. |
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| | The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System is based upon a combination of satellite and terrestrial radio services, changing international distress communications from being primarily ship-to-ship based to ship-to-shore based. It has spelled the end of Morse code communications for all but a few users. |
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| | Global Positioning System. A system of satellites that calculates a yacht's position via an electronic receiver. |
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| | A line used to hoist a sail up a mast. |
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| | An anchorage protected from most storms; may be natural or man-made, with breakwaters and jetties. |
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| | To steer closer to the wind, usually by pulling in on the sheets and steering the yacht closer to the eye of the wind. |
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| | The direction in which a vessel's bow points at any given time. |
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| | A triangular sail set forward of a yacht's mast. Affectionately referred to as 'the heady'. |
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| | (International Mobile Satellite Organisation). Established in 1979 to serve the maritime industry by developing satellite communications for ship management and distress and safety applications, Inmarsat currently operates a global satellite system which is used by independent service providers to offer a range of voice and multimedia communications for customers on the move or in remote locations. With a terminal and antenna no bigger than a breadbox, Inmarsat-C enables a boat to send or receive data, faxes and telexes. |
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| | International Measurement System, the handicap system previously used to determine the Overall Winner of the Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race. |
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| | International Rule Club, the increasingly popular handicap system which is currently used to determine the Overall Winner of the Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race. It is a simplified version of IMS with each yacht's handicap computed using measurements of the hull, displacement and sail area, along with the design age and other factors. Under the IRC rule, yachts may use water ballast and/or canting keels. |
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| | A triangular sail set forward of the mast - generally smaller than a genoa. |
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| | Junior Offshore Group for smaller offshore racing yachts of less than 30 feet LOA. |
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| | A temporary rigging repair using improvised materials and parts. |
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| | Heavy 'fin' filled with lead ballast under the hull. A keel gives a yacht stability, resisting the lateral force of the wind and sea. |
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| | A two-masted yacht with the after mast forward of the rudder. |
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| | The distance north or south of the equator measured and expressed in degrees. |
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| | Imaginary lines drawn through the north and south poles on the globe used to measure distance in degrees east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England. Greenwich is designated as 0 degrees. |
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| | The shore that the wind is blowing towards. |
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| | 'The main' is carried on and abaft the main mast. |
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| | Any vertical pole on a yacht that sails are attached to. |
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| | Distance at sea is measured in nautical miles, which are about 6,067.12 feet, 1.15 statute miles or 1,852 metres. A minute of latitude is equal to one nautical mile. |
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| | The act of determining the position of a yacht and the course needed to safely move the vessel safely from one point to another. |
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| | Rules and regulations governing the movement of vessels in relation to each other - determining which vessel has the right of way if there is a possibility of collision between two or more boats. |
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| | A very experienced and/or old sailor. |
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| | Over the side or out of the yacht. |
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| | A line used to tension the foot of a sail, to maintain efficient sail shape. |
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| | Personal Flotation Device, more commonly known as lifejackets. |
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| | To sail as close as possible towards the eye of the wind. |
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| | A boat is said to be planing when it is essentially moving over the top of the water, rather than plowing through the water. |
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| | Winds and waves on a yacht's quarter. |
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| | Either the port or starboard sides of the boat near to the stern. |
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| | The 2005-2008 Racing Rules of the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) under which all yacht races are conducted, as modified, in the case of the Sevenstar Round Britain and Ireland Race, by the Royal Ocean Racing Club. |
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| | A yacht owner/skipper is solely responsible for deciding whether or not to start or to continue to race. |
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| | To reduce the sail area of a yacht's mainsail. The process of making a reef is commonly termed 'putting a tuck in'. The reverse procedure is 'shaking out a reef'. |
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| | All the arts and skills of boat handling, including maintenance and repairs, rigging, safety at sea, sail handling, steering... |
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| | A metal link that can be opened and closed, screwed or unscrewed. Typically a U-shaped piece of stainless steel with eyes in the ends, closed by a shackle pin. |
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| | A line attached to a sail that is used to control the sail's shape, or trim. The sheets are named after the sail, as in jib sheets, kite sheets, main sheet. |
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| | (1) The lower forward corner of the sail. (2) To turn a yacht through the wind so that its sails draw on the opposite side. |
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| | A powerboat or dinghy used to transport supplies and passengers to and from a larger vessel. |
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| | A metal bar or wooden handle attached to the top of the rudder to steer a yacht. If, for example, the helmsman wants to steer to starboard, he/she pushes the tiller to port. Large yachts usually use a wheel instead of a tiller, some even have twin steering wheels. |
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| | Vessel in motion. That is, when not moored, at anchor, or aground. |
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| | Ultra High Frequency. UHF transmissions are used for long-distance marine radio telephony. |
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| | Very High Frequency. VHF transmissions are used for marine radio telephony, most commonly used up to 50 nautical miles offshore. In the Sevenstar Round Britain and Ireland Race, each yacht must carry a VHF radio. |
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| | Moving waves, track or path that a boat leaves behind it, when moving across the waters. |
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| | This is a relatively new innovation to ocean yacht racing. Introduced for both short-handed and fully-crewed yachts in round the world races, it allows water to be pumped in or out of a boat, or from one side to the other to optimise performance without the need for a large crew's weight on the weather rail. |
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| | The line where water comes up to on the hull of a yacht. Design waterline is where the waterline was designed to be; load waterline is the waterline when the boat is loaded; while painted waterline is where the waterline was painted. Actual waterline is where the waterline really is at any given time. |
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| | A sailboat or motoryacht used for pleasure, typically not a working boat. |
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| | To swing or steer off course, as when running with a quartering sea. |
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| | The point of the celestial sphere which is directly overhead. |
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| | A gentle breeze. The west wind. |
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| | Greenwich Meridian Time. Also known as Universal Time. |
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